|
The Borozdinovskaya operation was a cleansing raid (''zachistka'', (ロシア語:зачистка)) by the ethnic Chechen unit Battalion Vostok of the Spetsnaz of GRU on the ethnic minority village of Borozdinovskaya in Chechnya near the border with the republic of Dagestan on June 4, 2005. Borozdinovskaya is a predominantly ethnic-Avar (a Dagestani ethnic group) village in the Shelkovsky District of Chechnya. Its population in early 2005 was over 1,000 people. The 'sweep operation' took place after "a series of murders and armed attacks" in and around the village in May–June 2005, including a June 3 incident in which the father of a Vostok serviceman was shot and killed.〔Memorial details events in Borozdinovskaya, The Jamestown Foundation, June 30, 2005.〕 The raid prompted a mass exodus of almost the entire population of the village〔(A Terrorized Village in Chechnya Crosses the Border ), ''The St. Petersburg Times'', June 28, 2005.〕〔(Kadyrov bribes refugees to return to Borozdinovskaya ), Prague Watchdog, June 30, 2005.〕 and contributed to a political standoff in both Chechnya and Dagestan.〔Federal sweep in Borozdinovskaya creates serious crisis in Northern Caucasus, The Jamestown Foundation, June 30, 2005.〕 As a result, even some representatives of the Russian federal authorities—usually reluctant to denounce abuses by their forces—expressed outrage over the incident.〔(Russia: Officials Say Pro-Moscow Chechens Involved In Deadly Raid On Avar Village ), RFE/RL, July 29, 2005.〕 ==Historical background== Historical relations between Avars and Chechens have been inconsistent. On one hand, conflict between Avars and Chechens is not just a recent phenomenon. Twice during the Middle Ages, the Avars tried to conquer the Chechens, meeting fierce resistance. More recently, in the 19th Century, the ethnic Avar Imam Shamil forcefully added Chechnya to his Caucasian Imamate. The Chechens tolerated this for a time because he was viewed as a lesser evil; the Avars and the Chechens had a common foe in Russia. Shamil's strict interpretation of Islam, however, led to conflicts not only with the Avar elite but with the Chechens as a whole. On the other hand, there has been considerable cross-cultural fertilization between Avars and Chechens; historically, they have been allies against Russians and, earlier, Mongols and Turkic peoples. According to the residents of Borozdinovskaya, the ethnic conflict in the area began in the mid-1990s, during the time when many Dagestanis and ethnic Russians were being forcibly evicted from the Chechen republic, or otherwise pressured to leave by the poor economic conditions and destruction resulting from the First Chechen War. A local Avar strongman named Shapi Mikatov created an armed militia that effectively protected the village from what they called the 'Chechen gangs,' including the men of Sulim Yamadayev, by then the most powerful separatist warlord in eastern Chechnya. According to Hussein Nutayev, the pro-Russian head of Shelkovsky District in 2004, Mikatov's militia was rather "a criminal group we call the Avar jamaat ... headed by the infamous warlord Mitabov, who is accused of numerous murders and kidnappings."〔〔〔 Mikatov was killed in 1998. The next year, the Yamadayev brothers changed sides in the conflict (as did Kadyrov) to lead the Vostok battalion for Russian military intelligence. Since then, the residents allegedly began to be targeted by pro-Moscow Chechen forces and the inter-ethnic tensions have escalated further since Chechen authorities began resettling displaced persons from the Nozhay-Yurtovsky District in the village.〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Borozdinovskaya operation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|